Watermarking Citra Berwarna dengan Optimasi Schur Decomposition
- AHMAD TOHA
- 14210158
ABSTRAK
ABSTRAK
Nama : Ahmad Toha
NIM : 14210158
Program Studi : Ilmu Komputer
Fakultas : Teknologi Informasi
Jenjang : Strata Dua (S2)
Konsentrasi : Software Engineering
Judul : "Watermarking Citra Berwarna dengan Optimasi Schur Decomposition"
Dengan pesatnya perkembangan teknologi komputer, perlindungan hak cipta gambar berwarna menjadi masalah yang semakin mendesak. Penelitian sebelumnya mengusulkan matriks pada blok sebesar 4×4 akan tetapi tidak mempertimbangkan robustness performance. Kami mengusulkan sebuah skema watermarking gambar berwarna yang ditingkatkan berdasarkan dekomposisi Schur, Dengan menganalisis matriks pada blok sebesar 8×8 U dan matriks segitiga atas D dari dekomposisi Schur, kami menemukan bahwa tidak hanya kolom penyisipan e dari matriks U ditentukan oleh kolom dengan nilai eigen tertinggi dari matriks D, tetapi juga entri antara baris ke-dua dan kolom ke-c serta baris ke-enam dan kolom ke-c dalam matriks U memiliki kesamaan yang kuat. Sifat-sifat ini digunakan untuk menyematkan dan mengekstrak watermark dengan cara yang tak terlihat. Penggunaan fitur hasil dekomposisi Schur untuk menyematkan atau mengekstrak watermark dengan cara tidak terlihat; Watermark yang disematkan adalah gambar berwarna yang memiliki lebih banyak informasi watermark dibandingkan dengan urutan acak, gambar biner, atau gambar tingkat abu-abu. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa algoritma watermarking yang diusulkan memiliki kinerja yang lebih baik, seperti dalam aspek ketidakterlihatan, ketangguhan, kompleksitas komputasi, keamanan, dan kapasitas, dibandingkan dengan metode yang diusulkan lainnya dalam penelitian ini.
Secara khusus untuk citra Barbara, metode yang diusulkan menghasilkan nilai SSIM tertinggi yaitu 0.9906 yang artinya kualitas visualnya yang paling baik di antara citra lainnya. Sementara itu, citra F16 memiliki nilai SSIM terendah yaitu 0.8049, menunjukkan kualitas visual yang sedikit lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan citra-citra lainnya.
KATA KUNCI
Watermark gambar berwarna,Schur decomposition,Nilai Eigen tertinggi
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
[1] Q. Su and B. Chen, “An improved color image watermarking scheme based on Schur decomposition,” Multimed. Tools Appl., vol. 76, no. 22, pp. 24221– 24249, 2017, doi: 10.1007/s11042-016-4164-x.
[2] F. Ernawan and M. N. Kabir, “A block-based RDWT-SVD image watermarking method using human visual system characteristics,” Vis. Comput., vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 19–37, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s00371-018-1567-x.
[3] A. Alzahrani, “Enhanced Invisibility and Robustness of Digital Image Watermarking Based on DWT-SVD,” Appl Bionics Biomech, vol. 2022, 2022, doi: 10.1155/2022/5271600.
[4] X. Zhou, H. Zhang, and C. Wang, “A robust image watermarking technique based on DWT, APDCBT, and SVD,” Symmetry (Basel)., vol. 10, no. 3, 2018, doi: 10.3390/SYM10030077.
[5] J. Wang, D. Wu, L. Li, J. Zhao, H. Wu, and Y. Tang, “Robust periodic blind watermarking based on sub-block mapping and block encryption,” Expert Syst. Appl., vol. 224, p. 119981, 2023.
[6] A. Tiwari and V. K. Srivastava, “Image watermarking techniques based on Schur decomposition and various image invariant moments: a review,” Multimed. Tools Appl., pp. 1–37, 2023.
[7] S. Mehraj, S. Mushtaq, S. A. Parah, K. J. Giri, and J. A. Sheikh, “A robust watermarking scheme for hybrid attacks on heritage images,” J. Ambient Intell. Humaniz. Comput., vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 7367–7380, 2023.
[8] W. Hao, R. Xie, Q. Du, J. Wang, and W. Zhang, “Large-capacity Fragile Watermarking Scheme for Color Images Based on Prime Number Distribution Theory,” 2023.
[9] Q. Dai, J. Liu, and Y. Shi, “Class-overlap undersampling based on Schur decomposition for Class-imbalance problems,” Expert Syst. Appl., vol. 221, p. 119735, 2023.
[10] H. Karajeh, T. Khatib, L. Rajab, and M. Maqableh, “A robust digital audio watermarking scheme based on DWT and Schur decomposition,” Multimed. Tools Appl., vol. 78, pp. 18395–18418, 2019.
[11] L.-Y. Hsu and H.-T. Hu, “A reinforced blind color image watermarking scheme based on Schur decomposition,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 107438– 107452, 2019.
[12] H. Karajeh and M. Maqableh, “An imperceptible, robust, and high payload capacity audio watermarking scheme based on the DCT transformation and Schur decomposition,” Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process., vol. 99, pp. 571–583, 2019. 54 Program Studi Ilmu Komputer (S2) Universitas Nusa Mandiri
[13] L. I. U. Wanjun, S. U. N. Siyu, and Q. U. Haicheng, “Fast zero-watermarking algorithm based on Schur decomposition,” J. Front. Comput. Sci. \& Technol., vol. 13, no. 3, p. 494, 2019.
[14] S. Sejpal and D. Borse, “Comparative Performance Analysis of Color Image watermarking Scheme Using Hessenberg Decomposition and Schur Decomposition,” in 2019 5th International Conference On Computing, Communication, Control And Automation (ICCUBEA), 2019, pp. 1–6.
[15] Q. Su, X. Zhang, and G. Wang, “An improved watermarking algorithm for color image using Schur decomposition,” Soft Comput., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 445–460, 2020.
[16] D. Liu, Z. Yuan, and Q. Su, “A blind color image watermarking scheme with variable steps based on Schur decomposition,” Multimed. Tools Appl., vol. 79, pp. 7491–7513, 2020.
[17] J.-Y. Li and C.-Z. Zhang, “Blind watermarking scheme based on Schur decomposition and non-subsampled contourlet transform,” Multimed. Tools Appl., vol. 79, pp. 30007–30021, 2020.
[18] A. Soualmi, A. Alti, L. Laouamer, and M. Benyoucef, “A blind fragile based medical image authentication using schur decomposition,” in The International Conference on Advanced Machine Learning Technologies and Applications (AMLTA2019) 4, 2020, pp. 623–632.
[19] G. Ye, C. Pan, Y. Dong, K. Jiao, and X. Huang, “A novel multi-image visually meaningful encryption algorithm based on compressive sensing and Schur decomposition,” Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol., vol. 32, no. 2, p. e4071, 2021.
[20] P. Liu, H. Wu, L. Luo, and D.-S. Wang, “DT CWT and Schur decomposition based robust watermarking algorithm to geometric attacks,” Multimed. Tools Appl., pp. 1–43, 2022.
[21] C. Karpfinger, “Schur Decomposition and Singular Value Decomposition,” in Calculus and Linear Algebra in Recipes: Terms, phrases and numerous examples in short learning units, Springer, 2022, pp. 469–480.
[22] M. A. U. Rahaman, M. S. Begum, J. N. S. Krishna, A. T. M. Raju, R. K. Tata, and G. Swain, “Digital Watermarking Analysis Using Data Security,” in 2023 9th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS), 2023, pp. 486–489.
[23] M. Ali, “Robust Image Watermarking in Spatial Domain Utilizing Features Equivalent to SVD Transform,” Appl. Sci., vol. 13, no. 10, p. 6105, 2023.
[24] M. A. Hameed, O. A. Abdel-Aleem, and M. Hassaballah, “A secure data hiding approach based on least-significant-bit and nature-inspired optimization techniques,” J. Ambient Intell. Humaniz. Comput., vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 4639– 4657, 2023. 55 Program Studi Ilmu Komputer (S2) Universitas Nusa Mandiri
[25] S. Singh, H. Singh, A. Gehlot, J. Kaur, and Gagandeep, “IR and visible image fusion using DWT and bilateral filter,” Microsyst. Technol., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 457–467, 2023.
[26] X. Chen, J. Mou, Y. Cao, H. Yan, and H. Jahanshahi, “A chaotic color image encryption scheme based on improved Arnold scrambling and dynamic DNA encoding,” Multimed. Tools Appl., pp. 1–22, 2023.
[27] H. Ouguissi, S. Saadi, A. Merrad, and M. Kious, “Hybrid scheme for safe speech transmission based on multiple chaotic maps, watermarking and Arnold scrambling algorithm,” Multimed. Tools Appl., vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 327–346, 2023.
[28] V. K. Sharma, J. Khandelwal, and S. Singhal, “Identification of Best Image Scrambling and Descrambling Method for Image Steganography,” Multimed. Tools Appl., pp. 1–20, 2023.
[29] S. Yan, L. Li, B. Gu, Y. Cui, J. Wang, and J. Song, “Design of hyperchaotic system based on multi-scroll and its encryption algorithm in color image,” Integration, vol. 88, pp. 203–221, 2023.
[30] X. Zhang and Z. Liu, “Fast color image encryption algorithm based on FCSM and pre-storage Arnold transform,” Multimed. Tools Appl., pp. 1–32, 2023.
[31] S. A. Barlaskar, A. M. Kirupakaran, N. Ahmad, K. S. Yadav, T. Khan, and R. H. Laskar, “Imperceptibility and robustness study in different transform domain for copyright protection in digital image watermarking in hybrid SVD-domain,” in 2023 3rd International conference on Artificial Intelligence and Signal Processing (AISP), 2023, pp. 1–5.
[32] S. A. Frank, “Robustness and complexity,” arXiv Prepr. arXiv2304.09069, 2023.
[33] J. Wang et al., “On the robustness of chatgpt: An adversarial and out-ofdistribution perspective,” arXiv Prepr. arXiv2302.12095, 2023.
[34] E. V. Sousa, C. N. Vasconcelos, and L. A. F. Fernandes, “An analysis of ConformalLayers’ robustness to corruptions in natural images,” Pattern Recognit. Lett., vol. 166, pp. 190–197, 2023.
[35] C. Liu et al., “A comprehensive study on robustness of image classification models: Benchmarking and rethinking,” arXiv Prepr. arXiv2302.14301, 2023.
Detail Informasi
Tesis ini ditulis oleh :
- Nama : AHMAD TOHA
- NIM : 14210158
- Prodi : Ilmu Komputer
- Kampus : Margonda
- Tahun : 2023
- Periode : I
- Pembimbing : Ferda Ernawan, M.Sc, Ph.D
- Asisten :
- Kode : 0007.S2.IK.TESIS.I.2023
- Diinput oleh : NZH
- Terakhir update : 10 Juni 2024
- Dilihat : 9533 kali
TENTANG PERPUSTAKAAN

E-Library Perpustakaan Universitas Nusa Mandiri merupakan
platform digital yang menyedikan akses informasi di lingkungan kampus Universitas Nusa Mandiri seperti akses koleksi buku, jurnal, e-book dan sebagainya.
INFORMASI
Alamat : Jln. Jatiwaringin Raya No.02 RT08 RW 013 Kelurahan Cipinang Melayu Kecamatan Makassar Jakarta Timur
Email : perpustakaan@nusamandiri.ac.id
Jam Operasional
Senin - Jumat : 08.00 s/d 20.00 WIB
Isitirahat Siang : 12.00 s/d 13.00 WIB
Istirahat Sore : 18.00 s/d 19.00 WIB
Perpustakaan Universitas Nusa Mandiri @ 2020